Triển khai ETL Project với SQL Server Integration Service

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Khó khăn lớn nhất trong việc sử dụng, quản lý và khai thác dữ liệu trong các doanh nghiệp hiện nay xuất phát từ vấn đề không thuần nhất của dữ liệu trong việc tổ chức lưu trữ (khác định dạng); sự khác nhau về qui ước, mã hóa của dữ liệu của các ứng dụng; sự dư thừa do lưu trữ nhiều nơi, trùng lặp dẫn đến sự thiếu nhất quán và xung đột dữ liệu; việc sử dụng các hệ quản trị cơ sở dữ liệu khác nhau; sự phân tán của dữ liệu… Để giải quyết vấn đề này, trong lĩnh vực kho dữ liệu người ta quan tâm đến kỹ thuật ETL.

ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) là bước rất quan trọng trong quá trình xây dựng kho dữ liệu. Bao gồm 3 bước chính là trích xuất dữ liệu (Extraction) từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau (ERP, CRM, Weblogs, SCM…); Chuyển đổi dữ liệu (Transformation) cho phù hợp với yêu cầu sử dụng của người dùng; Nạp dữ liệu vào kho dữ liệu (Loading).

Qui trình triển khai ETL như hình sau:

Bài viết này giới thiệu cách triển khai một ETL Project bằng công cụ SSIS.

Kịch bản triển khai:

Data Source: File CSV dữ liệu về nhân viên như sau

 WorkFlow cho tiến trình ETL như sau:

1.     1. Load dữ liệu từ data Source (flat file)

2.     2. Data Conversion: Chuyển kiểu dữ liệu (Data Type). Cụ thể các kiểu dữ liệu chuyển đổi cho các cột như sau: Age, Salary: Number; Gender: Bit; HireDate: Date

3.   3. Derived Column: Xây dựng các thuộc tính dẫn suất. Trong ví dụ này tính thêm cột SalVND bằng cách lấy Salary*20000

4.    4. Conditional Split: Chia dữ liệu thành 2 bảng để Load vào Data warehouse. Một bảng chứa các nhân viên thuê từ tháng 5 năm 2015 trở về trước và một bảng chứa các nhân viên thuê sau tháng 5 năm 2015.

Sau đây trình bày các bước sử dụng SSIS để thực hiện ETL theo kịch bản trên

Bước 1. Tạo một Integration Service Project có tên ETL_PROJECT

Bước 2: Tạo một Data Flow Task (kéo thả từ SSIS Toolbox)

Bước 3. Kết nối với nguồn dữ liệu

Double Click vào Icon Data Flow Task, chọn Source Assistant, chọn Flat file, chọn new, OK, chọn file CSV

Bước 4. Chuyển đổi dữ liệu (Data Conversion): Chuyển đổi Data Type cho các thuộc tính Age, Gender, Salary và HireDate như sau:

Bước 5.  Tính Thêm cột SalVND từ cột Salary. Sử dụng Deriverd Column

Bước 6.  Chia dữ liệu thành 2 bảng chứa các nhân viên được thuê trước và sau tháng 05/2015 (Conditional Split)

Bước 7. Load Dữ liệu vào Destination (Destination Assistant)

Tạo mới bảng dữ liệu để lưu trữ: Table PreHireDateMay2015

Mapping các cột giữa Source và Destination

Tạo bảng PostHireDateMay2015

Mapping các cột giữa Source và Destination

Run ETL Project

Kết quả sau khi Load dữ liệu vào Kho dữ liệu

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