Phân lớp dữ liệu bằng cây quyết định trong ngôn ngữ R

Classification by Decision Tree with R

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Cây quyết định là kỹ thuật được dùng rất phổ biển trong phân lớp dữ liệu (xem thêm bài viết về cây quyết định tại đây: http://bis.net.vn/forums/t/378.aspx). Bài viết này giới thiệu kỹ thuật phân lớp dữ liệu bằng cây quyết định trong ngôn ngữ R.

Data set: iris (Download tại ĐÂY).

Tools: R, Package: party, Function: ctree

#Load data set iris

setwd("D:/R") # Dặt lại thư mục làm việc

library("xlsx") # load thư mục đọc file Excel

iris=read.xlsx("iris.xlsx",1, header=T) # Đọc dữ liệu

attach(iris) # Gán dữ liệu vào phân tích

fix(iris) # Xem và hiệu chỉnh dữ liệu

summary(iris) # Xem thống kê về dữ liệu

 #Chia dữ liệu thành 2 phần TrainingData (70%) và TestingData (30%) một cách ngẫu nhiên

 ind = sample(2, nrow(iris), replace=TRUE, prob=c(0.7, 0.3)) # Tạo bộ giá trị ngẫu nhiên

trainData = iris[ind==1,] #Training Data

testData = iris[ind==2,] #Testing Data

library("party") # Load thư viện party

iris_ctree = ctree(Species ~ Sepal.Length + Sepal.Width + Petal.Length + Petal.Width, data=trainData) # Hàm ctree để xây dựng cây quyết định với Training Data

print(iris_ctree)# Hiển thị các thông tin về cây quyết định đã xây dựng

plot(iris_ctree) # Vẽ cây quyết định

 

plot(iris_ctree, type="simple")

table(predict(iris_ctree), trainData$Species, dnn=c("Prediction", "Actual")) # Kiểm tra kết quả dự đoán của mô hình

Confusion Matrix của mô hình dự đoán với Training Data. 

Kết quả cho thấy mô hình phân lớp rất tốt với độ chính xác 95.5% (=(34+35+36)/(34+35+36+1+4))

 

testPred = predict(iris_ctree, newdata = testData) # Sử dụng Testing Data để kiểm tra Model

table(testPred, testData$Species, dnn=c("Prediction", "Actual")) # Kết quả dự đoán với Testing Data

Kết quả dự đoán với Testing Data là 97.5% (=(16+14+9)/(16+14+9+1))

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